Review of "The Young Messiah"

JAMES MCGRATH: The Young Messiah.

On the whole, I found the movie enjoyable throughout and profoundly moving in key moments. And so for anyone who is able to enjoy a good movie, a good story, without having it spoiled by nitpicking of historical details, this movie is one that I can highly recommend. But I also recommend that historians and scholars do that nitpicking, so that it is clear that this is a fascinating imaginative exploration of what the childhood of Jesus might have been like, and not a historical reconstruction, much less a depiction of “what really happened.”

Sounds reasonable.

Brill Esotericism Reference Library

NEW SERIES FROM BRILL:

Brill Esotericism Reference Library

Editor in Chief: Wouter J. Hanegraaff, University of Amsterdam
Since the publication of the critically acclaimed Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism (ed. W.J. Hanegraaff) in 2005, there has been a lively debate about how best to define and demarcate the expanding field of ‘Esotericism’. The DGWE addressed the Hellenistic culture of Late Antiquity, esotericism in Christian culture, and post-Christian developments in the context of modernization, with a dominant focus on English, French, German, and Italian culture. The Brill Esotericism Reference Library builds upon those foundations while significantly expanding them as well. The series as a whole will take a global perspective, and individual volumes will feature dimensions of esotericism and gnosis that have come to the forefront in recent years. The Brill Esotericism Reference Library is the first encyclopaedic series of its kind, and strives to be the most reliable source of historical and factual information on esotericism and related fields of study.

Walsh on religious violence

DAVID WALSH: ‘Religious’ Violence in Antiquity?. A response to David Frankfurter's recent post in the religious violence series at Ancient Jew Review, using the Christianization of the mithraeum in Hawarte as a case study.

HT AJR.

Coptic congress at Claremont

COPTIC WATCH: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR COPTIC STUDIES (IACS) 11th International Congress of Coptic Studies Claremont Graduate University, California, USA July 25-30, 2016. The full (very full) program of papers is listed.

Attention, Ashkelon excavation veterans!

POSTED, AS REQUESTED:

Dear James,

Over the last few months, we have heard from many of you about your experiences at Ashkelon. Thank you for sharing these memories. We did notice that while we able to reach many using email, there are an equal number of Ashkelon contributors whose current emails were unavailable to us. We would be grateful if you could help us spread the word- both the information from our last letter, and the news below- through social media. As we look forward to the final season, we want to involve as many of you as possible in the special week that we are planning.

From July 4th-July 10th, we will be having a celebration of the history of the excavation, and we invite you to join us and even to excavate with us one last time. For any former Ashkelon participants who are interested in excavating with us in the final season, we have set aside the first week of July for a week of excavation and daily tours. If you are interested, you can reserve your space at the excavation hotel by filling out the following form: https://form.jotform.com/60594407673967.

If you are in Israel during that week, but cannot join us to dig, I hope you will mark two special days on your calendars. On Thursday evening, July 7th, join us for a final ceremony and dinner with the National Parks Authority at Ashkelon. We will have a dinner in the park, a few speeches, and you will have a chance to visit the dig one final time. If you can come to this event, please RSVP to Ashkelon2016@gmail.com by July 1st. On Sunday evening, July 10th, we will have a celebratory gala in Jerusalem at the Rockefeller Museum. This evening will celebrate the opening of an exhibition on Ashkelon which will bring together highlights from the Leon Levy Expedition and the permanent collection of the Rockefeller Museum. We should have formal invitation for the opening later in the spring.

We look forward to seeing you in person this summer as we celebrate thirty years of the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon.

Sincerely,



Larry Stager and Daniel Master

On Tue, Sep 29, 2015 at 2:51 PM, Daniel Master wrote:
Dear James,

Greetings from the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon. We have been searching through our records to contact everyone who has had a hand in contributing to the Ashkelon project since 1985. We have not found everyone, but, by our count, more than fourteen hundred people have participated. Nothing the excavation has done would have been possible without your support, and we thank you for digging with us.

For more than thirty years, we have had the privilege of working at one of the great sites in the Eastern Mediterranean and uncovering history from the Chalcolithic period through the Crusades. As many of you may know, 2016 will mark the end of active fieldwork for the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon. In light of this milestone, we hope to make 2016 a year of reminiscence and celebration for all that the excavation has accomplished in the past thirty years, and we welcome your participation.

Your histories at Ashkelon are an important part of the history of the excavation, and we invite you share your memories. We would love to hear about the finds that you discovered, the people who influenced you, and the way Ashkelon shaped the years that followed. We plan to compile these memories so that your story can join the archive of the excavation. Text and photographs can be sent to ashkelon2016@gmail.com where Tracy [Alsberg] Hoffman and Heather Campbell will curate your submissions. Tracy will be blogging this year at the excavation website (digashkelon.com) with more images from past seasons.

In July of 2016, the dig will be hosting a week of festivities marking the final season. As always, you are invited to return to Ashkelon, either as part of the 2016 excavation team or as a visitor during our celebratory week. We will send more information about these events in the coming months, but, whether or not you are able to join us in Israel, we hope that Ashkelon will be on your mind in the upcoming year. We look forward to celebrating your contributions to thirty years of the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon.

Sincerely,


Larry Stager and Daniel Master

I was an assistant square supervisor at the Ashkelon excavation in 1987-88. There are many past PaleoJudaica posts on the Ashkelon excavation and on the archaeology of Ashkelon in general. A few recent ones are here and links.

Video: Boyarin on Metatron

ARCHANGEL METATRON WATCH: Daniel Boyarin: Enoch or Jesus? The Quest of the Historical Metatron (Biblical Studies online).

Professor Daniel Boyarin (University of California, Berkeley) presents the 2016 Shaffer Lecture in Theology, at Yale Divinity School, in three parts, on March 8, 9, and 10. The topic of his series is “Enoch or Jesus? The Quest of the Historical Metatron”.

In the series, Professor Boyarin furthers his defence of the ancient roots of a greater and subordinate second god within Judaism, the “two powers in heaven”. In the lectures, he lays out the development of a complex binitarian theology in both early Judaism and early Christianity. He also disagrees with Peter Schäfer.

There are links to videos of three recent lectures by Professor Boyarin. Background on his published work on this subject and on Peter Schäfer's response to it is here and links.

HT AJR.

Judith mosaics

OLD TESTAMENT APOCRYPHA WATCH: A tough woman from the 2nd Century BCE (Douglas Todd, The Vancouver Sun).

Metro Vancouver residents still have a couple of weeks to view a fresh feminist perspective on one of the more frequently depicted events of Biblical lore.

The art exhibit, Heroine of a Thousand Pieces: The Judith Mosaics of Lilian Broca, runs until March 31 at the Italian Cultural Centre, 3075 Slocan Street, Vancouver. Following that it will show from May 5 – July 4, 2016 at Columbus Centre in Toronto.

In the exhibit Broca employs glass mosaic to depict scenes related to accounts of Judith’s beheading of the Assyrian general Holofernes, a story found in the apocryphal Book of Judith, probably written about 150 BCE. It’s been the subject of many paintings and sculptures from the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

In the story, Judith, a beautiful Hebrew widow, is able to enter the tent of Holofernes because of his desire for her. Holofernes was about to destroy Judith’s home, the city of Bethulia. Overcome with drink, he passes out and is decapitated by Judith; his head is taken away in a basket.

[...]

Cross file under Decorative Art.

Punic War anniversary

PUNIC WATCH: Today in History: Momentous Roman victory over Carthage (241 BC) (JOHN ROBSON, TheRebel). With video and some counterfactual history inspired by G. K. Chesterton. The first Punic War ended on 10 March 214 BCE. But that didn't mean it was over ...

Serah

NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH SARAH: It’s biblical! This week: Serah (rabbi Daniel Epstein, Jewish News).

THIS WEEK: Serah I’m PRIVILEGED to be inaugurating this new series of Biblical biographies, so thought I’d venture into a lesser-known but perhaps the most intriguing of all of the personalities in the Hebrew Bible. Our forefather Jacob had a grand-daughter called Serah (pronounced “Serach”); daughter of Asher.

We know of her because in the Torah’s listing of Jacob’s 54 grandchildren, 53 are male and she is the only woman. A woman of significant importance, no doubt, but who is she?

She is first mentioned in the book of Genesis 46:17, in a listing of the 70 who journeyed to Egypt with Jacob, “And the sons of Asher…and Serah their sister…”, and again in the book of Bamidbar (Numbers 26:46) as one of the family of Asher who escaped Egypt after 210 years of slavery.

[...]

She also figures in Targum and Midrash.

Nasrallah on Bia

ANCIENT JEW REVIEW: What Violence Does: Representing Bia in Antiquity (Laura Nasrallah).

Earlier essays in the series are noted here and links.

Schmid, Schriftgelehrte Traditionsliteratur

NOW IN PAPERBACK FROM MOHR SIEBECK:

KONRAD SCHMID
Schriftgelehrte Traditionsliteratur
Fallstudien zur innerbiblischen Schriftauslegung im Alten Testament

[Scribal Exegesis: Case Studies in the Inner-Biblical Interpretation of the Old Testament. Student Edition.]
2011; Unveränd. Studienausg. 2016. VIII, 339 pages.
Forschungen zum Alten Testament 77

39,00 €
paper
ISBN 978-3-16-154364-7
available

Published in German.
Recent research has shown that the Old Testament books largely consist of both text and commentary in one. The composition of the Old Testament as a written text can be interpreted as the differentiated process of scriptural exegesis within the Bible, a process which repeatedly updated traditional texts in order to apply them to new historical situations. It was not until the texts became canonical that the texts and commentaries were separated permanently. The various studies by Konrad Schmid in this volume investigates the culture of writing and the composition of literary works in ancient Israel, presents several case studies of inner-biblical exegesis in the Old Testament and reflects on the resulting theological significance. The image of the Old Testament as traditional scribal literature as portrayed by recent Old Testament studies lays the foundation for a historically differentiated and theologically dynamic view of the Bible.

Originally published in 2011, but I did not note it then, so this is a good opportunity to do so.

Kasher/kosher

YONA SABAR: Hebrew word of the week: Kasher/kosher. With a nod not only to kosher food, but to both the Israeli gym and the upcoming holiday of Purim.

Channeling Metatron

ARCHANGEL METATRON WATCH: Dede Hart Energy - Energy Clearing Just in Time for Spring (Deerfield Review, Chicago Tribune). As always with PaleoJudaica, my linking to a site does not necessarily count as an endorsement of that site. Here my interest is sociological: the Archangel Metatron is alive and well in the New Age realm.

Dede primarily works with the vibrational frequency of the arch angelic realm. The session is one hour of verbal discussion while the energy works its way through the body and auric field.
"After the session, many people are returned to their natural rhythms, bringing vibrant health and well-being."

As she sums it up perfectly, "Energy in action."

"I am currently working on completing a book of channelled sessions with Archangel Metatron called Spark: Igniting the Human Heart. I live in the Chicago area, and counsel clients in person and by phone."

More on ancient music

ANCIENT AUDIO: What does the oldest human music in the world sound like? Songs and melodies transcend time in a way no other language can. (STARRE VARTAN, Mother Nature Network). This is obviously a New Age site and should be used with caution, but Hurrian Hymn 6 and the Seikilos Epitaph are both real things. You can read more about the former here, on a page by retired UCLA Assyriologist Giorgio Buccellati.

All this further to yesterday's post "Ancient Jewish music?" I am very far from being a paleo-musicologist and I cannot vouch for the accuracy of the audio reconstructions of the Hurrian and Greek melodies. Nor can I say if they in any way illuminate our understanding of ancient Jewish music. I doubt it. But the songs are nice. Enjoy.

Heilig, Hidden Criticism?

NEW BOOK FROM MOHR SIEBECK:

CHRISTOPH HEILIG
Hidden Criticism?
The Methodology and Plausibility of the Search for a Counter-Imperial Subtext in Paul

[Versteckte Kritik? Die Methodologie und Plausibilität der Suche nach einem anti-imperialen Subtext in den Paulusbriefen.]

2015. XIII, 199 pages.
Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe 392
69,00 €
sewn paper
ISBN 978-3-16-153795-0
available

Published in English.
Paul has been regarded as being uncritical of the Roman Empire for a long time, not least because of his apparent call to obey the state in Rom 13:1–7. However, recent scholarship has questioned this assumption by pointing to “hidden criticism” in the letters of the apostle. But how can we decide, in a methodologically sound way, whether such a counter-imperial message lies beneath the surface of the text? On the basis of insights from the philosophy of science, Christoph Heilig suggests several analytical steps for examining this paradigm. He concludes that the hypothesis that we can identify critical “echoes” of the Roman Empire in Paul's letters needs to be modified for it to be maintained. In particular, concern over the danger of overt criticism and subsequent persecution do not sufficiently justify this interpretative hypothesis. Nevertheless, Heilig concludes that the search for a counter-imperial subtext in Paul could turn out to be heuristically fruitful so long as the limitations of the approach are heeded. Hence, a re-evaluation of Pauline passages in light of Paul's engagement with ideas from his Roman environment is encouraged.

There's a little side story to this one. Before he started his PhD program in Göttingen, Dr Heilig received a Master's degree from the Divinity School of the University of St. Andrews. He just wrote to tell me that the excellent paper he wrote for my Second Temple Judaism class has now been published as the opening chapter of this book. Good to hear.

I don't have a copy of the book handy, but the title of the essay was "Veiled Critique of the Roman Empire in De Somniis 2?"

Report on the 2015 Bethsaida excavation

THE BIBLE AND INTERPRETATION:

The Consortium for the Bethsaida Excavation Project: Report on the 2015 Excavation Season

By Rami Arav, Carl Savage, Nicolae Roddy,Gregory C. Jenks, Vanessa Workman, Kenneth M. Bensimon
University of Nebraska, Omaha
Bethsaida Excavation
March 2016

There's more on the Bethsaida excavation here and here and links.

Women archaeologists at the City of David dig

IN HONOR OF INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY (YESTERDAY): In David’s Ancient City, Women Are Uncovering Amazing Things (Ariella Mendlowitz, Breaking Israel News).

MK Berko and Palestine: a clarification

PHOENICIAN OR PHILISTINE? Regular readers will recall the recent episode in which a speech by the Israeli MK Anat Berko was represented by many of the media to assert something that she did not in fact say. The issue arose because her comments touched on the origin and history of the word "Palestine," a subject that has been of interest to PaleoJudaica.

I also noted a later article in which she too set the record straight. In it she was quoted as saying, "The word 'Palestina' was taken from the biblical Pheonician [sic] people." This is obviously erroneous: the word comes from "Philistine." I corrected the error without commenting on who might responsible for it. Now reader Yoel writes with additional information that shows that she was not the one who made the mistake.

In your post you quoted the English version of Berko's interview where she supposedly says "The word 'Palestina' was taken from the biblical Pheonician people." This is an error by the translator since in the original Hebrew version she says "The word 'Palestina' was taken from the biblical Philistine people (המילה 'פלשתינה' לקוחה מהעם התנ"כי פלשתים)". So she was right after all.

And here's a video of her full speech with English subtitles.

So the media got that one wrong too. I am grateful for the clarification.

Please do watch the whole speech and decide for yourself whether MK Berko's comments deserved the teapot-tempest that the media created from them. The quoted comments begin at 5:17. And notice the sentence that was left out of the quotation in the New York Times: "But there is a Palestinian entity beside us, we don't deny it, we reach our our hands for peace, but nevertheless peace means ..." Then she was interrupted and didn't finish. And contrast this with the headline of the Times's article: "No ‘P’ in Arabic Means No Palestine, Israeli Lawmaker Says." And the article itself asserts that "Anat Berko, a conservative lawmaker from the governing Likud Party, said in Parliament that there could be no such place as Palestine because there is no P in Arabic." To be fair, Newsweek does quote the first clause of the sentence, but most of the other articles also ignore it.

All this makes me think of the famous quotation by the late novelist Michael Crichton about the Gell-Mann Amnesia effect:

“Briefly stated, the Gell-Mann Amnesia effect is as follows. You open the newspaper to an article on some subject you know well. In Murray's case, physics. In mine, show business. You read the article and see the journalist has absolutely no understanding of either the facts or the issues. Often, the article is so wrong it actually presents the story backward—reversing cause and effect. I call these the "wet streets cause rain" stories. Paper's full of them.
In any case, you read with exasperation or amusement the multiple errors in a story, and then turn the page to national or international affairs, and read as if the rest of the newspaper was somehow more accurate about Palestine than the baloney you just read. You turn the page, and forget what you know.”

Nope, the media isn't more accurate about Palestine than they were about that baloney they wrote about your area of expertise. And this story is not just a matter of media error, although that is present. It also involves selective quotation and headlines/summaries slanted to present a narrative at odds with what the quoted person actually said. So let's turn this around. The next time you see something in the media about, oh, anything, especially anything controversial, remember MK Berko and the New York Times and the other media who helped propagate the narrative. Don't believe it until you check out the details for yourself.

Ancient Jewish music?

I DOUBT IT: Is this the sound of worship during Jesus’ time? (Dan Williams, Reuters).

The sacred chants of the ancient Jewish temples in Jerusalem are a long-lost art. But some musicologists believe the 2,000-year-old notes can be reconstructed by drawing on traditional prayer songs heard in synagogues today, extrapolating from the sounds of biblical instruments like the harp and observing medieval church incantation that has common roots in the Holy Land.

[...]

"Some musicologists" is not very helpful, nor is "some scholars" in the audio. Which scholars or musicologists think that ancient music can be reconstructed from these sources? All the specific specialists interviewed in the audio file are skeptical, and I share their skepticism. Predictably, I suppose, I want to see the case made in the peer-review literature before I take it seriously. This whole story seems to come out of efforts by Third-Temple enthusiasts to try to recreate Temple institutions and I can see no connection with real scholarly work on ancient history. As often with such matters, the media do not seem to be able to tell the difference.

The golem and the arts

GOLEM WATCH: Adelaide Festival review 2016: Golem (Tim Lloyd, The Advertiser). First, the performing arts:

Golem

Dunstan Playhouse, until March 13

GOLEM is a technical marvel above all else. Modern projectors that can put high intensity colour and resolution on a backdrop have evolved so rapidly that it seems as though the magic lantern shows have become young again.

In this 1927 theatre company production, animation and superb tromp l’oeil effects are put brilliantly together with live stage performances, transporting the show to a new realm of entertainment.

Golem is about that ancient figure of Hebrew culture, the being made of clay and brought to life to do the bidding of man.

Here, the man is the terminally pathetic figure of Robert, the natural born loser and nerd working in a geeky shop where everyone jokes in binary code. His only bright spot is his sister, Annie, who is in full flight raging against the system. He joins her in her punk protest band, Annie of the Underground, which has so far only played in the family cellar.

[...]

Everything changes when he is provided with a Golem by his friend Phil. The claymation Golem does his bidding, but rapidly turns into a nightmare of consumerism, full of short media bites and technicolour ideas that become more brazen until even Golem is superseded by his next, faster, brighter, model. Never has technology been used so well to question technology.

[...]

Then, under cartoon illustration: The Golem VS The Hulk (Rabbi Levi Welton, HuffPo). The writings of the Talmud, of course, were composed long after the second century. But the cartoon is entertaining.

For lots more on the Golem legend and its many modern incarnations, see here and follow the links.