Likely the oldest Torah in the Cairo Genizah, CUL T-S NS 3.21+ is also one of the oldest manuscripts in the whole collection. This blog details a reconstruction for part of this scroll, involving three adjacent fragments.This essay is technical, especially in the first part, but keep reading (or skip) to the part dealing with the compute reconstruction of the manuscript. Fascinating.
I noted a of Genesis fragment of T-S NS 3.21 back in 2015, referring to a 2010 Geniza Fragment of the Month post. That post is gone now, but it seems that another fragment, T-S NS 4.3, came from the same scroll. And other fragments of it have been located since, so that its siglum is now T-S NS 3.21+.
For more on the oldest Torah scroll fragments apart from the Dead Sea Scrolls, see here (alas, the main link is gone) and here and links. Also here, although I have heard no more about the Bologna scroll.
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