Sunday, June 21, 2020

Birds in ancient Jerusalem

OSTEOLOGICAL ORNITHOLOGY: Bird study backs Bible: Pigeons, doves sacrificed in ancient Jerusalem. From the story of Noah and the dove in the Book of Genesis to the issues of ritual sacrifices and dietary restrictions, birds play a very important role in the biblical text (Rossella Tercatin, Jerusalem Post). It looks as though people ate chickens, but sacrificed pigeons and doves.

This article is based on a technical article in BASOR 383 (May 2020 - current issue), pp. 61-78: “Birds in Transition: Bird Exploitation in the Southern Levant During the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age I, and Iron Age II,” by Abra Spiciarich. It is behind the subscription wall, but you can read the abstract here.

Some past PaleoJudaica posts on pigeons and doves in biblical etc. antiquity are here, here, here, here, and here. And for one on ancient chickens, see here.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Most iconic archaeological sites in Israel?

TRAVEL: The 10 most iconic archeological sites in Israel (Abigail Klein Leichman , Israel21c). One can always debate top-ten lists. But most people would agree that most of these sites belong on this list. All of them have featured in PaleoJudaica, most of them many times.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

More on the 144,000

READING ACTS: The Firstfruits of the Lamb – Revelation 14:4-5. Phil Long continues his blog series on the Book of Revelation, concentrating on the seven sights of chapters 12-15. We are now on the fourth sight, the 144,000.

I have noted past posts in Phil's Revelation series here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Saturday, June 20, 2020

British Museum guidebooks

THE BIBLE PLACES BLOG: Guidebooks for the British Museum (A.D. Riddle). A couple of them pertain specifically to the Bible.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Little, Israel's Eschatological Enemy

NEW BOOK FROM WIPF AND STOCK:
Israel's Eschatological Enemy
The Identity of the King of Babylon in Isaiah 14:4-21


BY Timothy Allen Little

Imprint: Wipf and Stock
Category: Biblical Studies

PAPERBACK
ISBN: 9781725256897
Pages: 200
Publication Date: 5/1/2020
Retail Price: $25.00
Web Price: $20.00

eBOOK
ISBN: 9781725256897
Format: epub
Publication Date: 5/1/2020
Retail Price: $25.00
Web Price: $20.00

About

Who is the king of Babylon in Isaiah 14? The early church sometimes identified him as Nebuchadnezzar, but most also saw a deeper meaning in Isa 14:12–14, believing this section referred to Satan. Many current scholars reject both views and offer a variety of alternatives. Little argues that “shining one” (Lucifer) in Isa 14:12 is the king of Babylon.

This book analyzes the mashal (proverb) genre and argues that the Isa 14 mashal must be a real person, not a symbolic, ideal, eclectic, or representative king. Scholars have presented nine historic kings as the king of Babylon. Little compiles a list of fifteen criteria from Isa 13–14, evaluates these nine kings, and demonstrates that no historic king comes close to fulfilling the fifteen criteria.

Instead, Little argues that the king of Babylon is Israel’s eschatological enemy. Through the use of catchwords and temporal particles, he first demonstrates that the oracle is a unit. Then he proves that this Babylonian judgment is eschatological. All foreign languages have been translated, allowing the student of prophecy and theology to benefit from this work. Those interested in the mashal genre, Hebrew poetry, and Isaianic exegesis will also find this book stimulating.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Rosenfeld & Perlmutter, Social Stratification of the Jewish Population of Roman Palestine ...

NEW BOOK FROM BRILL:
Social Stratification of the Jewish Population of Roman Palestine in the Period of the Mishnah, 70–250 CE

Series: The Brill Reference Library of Judaism, Volume: 59

Authors: Ben Zion Rosenfeld and Haim Perlmutter

This book analyzes Jewish society in Roman Palestine in the time of the Mishnah (70–250 CE) in a systematic way, carefully delineating the various economic groups living therein, from the destitute, to the poor, to the middling, to the rich, and to the superrich. It gleans the various socioeconomic strata from the terminology employed by contemporary literary sources via contextual, philological, and historical-critical analysis. It also takes a multidisciplinary approach to analyze and interpret relevant archeological and inscriptional evidence as well as numerous legal sources.
The research presented herein shows that various expressions in the sources have latent meanings that indicate socioeconomic status. “Rich,” for example, does not necessarily refer to the elite, and “poor” does not necessarily refer to the destitute. Jewish society consisted of groups on a continuum from extremely poor to extremely rich, and the various middling groups played a more important role in the economy than has hitherto been thought.

Prices from (excl. VAT): €154.00 / $185.00

E-Book (PDF)
Availability: Published
ISBN: 978-90-04-41893-6
Publication Date: 11 May 2020

Hardback
Availability: Published
ISBN: 978-90-04-42213-1
Publication Date: 23 May 2020

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Friday, June 19, 2020

On reopening the Israel Museum

CRISIS MODE: With coronavirus restrictions lifted, why is the Israel Museum closed? While some smaller museums have been able to reopen a few of their galleries, Jerusalem’s Israel Museum has remained closed to visitors (Hannah Brown, Jerusalem Post).
Given this uncertainty, a hasty reopening could do more harm than good.

“If we reopen and bring back all employees by July 1, we could have a 25 million shekel deficit by the end of December and an ongoing deficit for 2021 and 2022,” he said.

IF TOURISM continues to be affected by the virus restrictions in the coming year, “We could have a 44 million shekel deficit by the end of 2022. We need to have a sustainable financial plan for two years.”

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Review of Maurice, Screening Divinity

BRYN MAYR CLASSICAL REVIEW: Screening divinity.
Lisa Maurice, Screening divinity. Screening Antiquity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019. xi, 228 p.. ISBN 9781474425735 £75.00.

Review by
Meredith Prince, Auburn University. mdp0007@auburn.edu

[...]

Maurice makes an important contribution to classical reception studies, in particular the reception of antiquity in film and television, with her examination of the divine on screen, especially with her consideration of both mythological/fantasy and religious/biblical epic genres, their links with each other, and their overlapping as one. ...
Cross-file under Cinematography.

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Noonan, Non-Semitic Loanwords in the Hebrew Bible

THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST TODAY: Non-Semitic Loanwords in the Hebrew Bible: A Lexicon of Language Contact (Ben Noonan).
Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic also contain words borrowed from different languages. Many of the Hebrew Bible’s loanwords are from other Semitic languages, such as Akkadian. However, a good number of the loanwords in the Hebrew Bible come from non-Semitic languages like Egyptian, Hittite, and Persian. These non-Semitic loanwords are the topic of my book, Non-Semitic Loanwords in the Hebrew Bible: A Lexicon of Language Contact.
Published by Eisenbrauns.

Cross-file under Lexicography and New Book.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Thursday, June 18, 2020

Two Arks or one?

DR. RABBI TZEMAH YOREH: The Two Arks: Military and Ritual (TheTorah.com).
Tradition and source criticism both see two ark traditions in the biblical text: The Ark of the Covenant and the Ark of the Testimony. The former accompanies Israelite troops into battle; it appears in Numbers 10 (וַיְהִי בִּנְסֹעַ הָאָרֹן) and in the stories of battles against the Philistines and Ammonites in Samuel. The latter remains in the Tabernacle, serving as a seat for YHWH’s glory and revelation.
For many PaleoJudaica posts on the Ark of the Covenant, start here (cf. here) and follow the links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Krispenz (ed.), Scribes as Sages and Prophets

NEW BOOK FROM DE GRUYTER:
Scribes as Sages and Prophets

Scribal Traditions in Biblical Wisdom Literature and in the Book of the Twelve


Series: Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, 496

Edited by: Jutta Krispenz
De Gruyter | 2020

OVERVIEW
Scholars of the Hebrew Bible used to look at „Prophecy" and „Wisdom" as clearly distinct realms represented by antagonistic and mutually exclusive roles of their central characters: the loyal sage, the pillar of administration, on the one side and the rebellious prophet, criticizing the establishment, on the other. While the influence of wisdom thought on prophetic texts has been a topic in the scholarly debate, the complementary question of the influence of prophetic thought on wisdom texts has rarely been asked.

The contributions in this volume look at both questions: They start from the assumption that texts from the Hebrew Bible and the cultures surrounding Ancient Israel all originated from a social stratum of educated scribes, who authored and transmitted these texts. It then seems plausible that wisdom texts might show similar traces of prophetic influence to those of wisdom thoughts found in prophetic texts. The essays give a multifaceted picture concerning the mutual perception of prophets and sages and thus provide a deeper understanding of both wisdom literature and prophecy.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Magness on Masada

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS: Masada: A heroic last stand against Rome (Jodi Magness).

With reference to Professor Magness's recent book, Masada: From Jewish Revolt to Modern Myth (Princeton University Press, 2019). For more on it, see here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

The Lamb and the 144,000

READING ACTS: The Lamb and the 144,000 – Revelation 14:1-5. Phil Long continues his blog series on the Book of Revelation, concentrating on the seven sights of chapters 12-15. We move here to the fourth sight.

I have noted earlier posts in Phil's series on the Book of Revelation here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Wednesday, June 17, 2020

Tomb of the Kings/Queen Helena reopens partially

THE HOLY LAND PHOTOS' BLOG: Tomb of Queen Helena of Adiabene — Now Open . . . but (Carl Rasmussen). As usual, with excellent photos (in this case from the 1970s, since the interior of the tomb is not yet open).

For past PaleoJudaica posts on the Tomb of the Kings/Tomb of Queen Helena of Adiabene and on the queen herself and her kingdom, start here and follow the links. As you can see at the link, the site has been "reopening" for some time.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

The Jerusalem Pilgrimage Road excavation was suspended

STABILITY CONCERNS: Archaeologists briefly pause Jerusalem dig in fear of damage to ancient road. Israel Antiquities Authority reportedly halts excavations at controversial site in Arab neighborhood of Silwan, where residents have previously reported structural damage to houses (Times of Israel).

For more on the Pilgrimage Road/Pilgrims' Path excavation, see here, here, here, here, and links.

For background on Elad and Emek Shaveh, see here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

More on Falerii Novi

TECHNOLOGY WATCH: Hidden temple in a buried Roman city discovered by ground-penetrating radar. No excavation required (Mindy Weisberger, Live Science). This article gives more details about the GPR exploration of the ancient Roman city of Falerii Novi. Excerpt:
For the new study, the researchers deployed a grid of ground-penetrating radar antennae, fixed to a cart and towed over the site by an all-terrain vehicle. They bombarded the site with radio wave pulses, taking measurements every 2 inches (6 cm) and reflecting off objects underground to a depth of 6.5 feet (2 meters), according to the study. This showed Falerii Novi's buried structures in high resolution and in three dimensions.

Each scan provided a "slice" that the researchers then stitched together to create the map. Thanks to the new data, a much sharper picture of the long-hidden city emerged. The exceptional resolution enabled the study authors to perform detailed architectural analysis that would otherwise have been possible only through excavation. One structure, to the west of the city's southern gate, was clearly a temple; "you can see steps leading up to it, the columnated courtyard around it and the altar," [Professor Martin] Millett said.
The project also learned more about the underground plumbing of the city.

Background here and links. I repeat: non-invasive and non-destructive technologies are the future of archaeology.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Orlov, Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in Slavonic Tradition (Russian)

NEW BOOK: Professor Andrei Orlov e-mails to let us know about his newest book:
Andrei A. Orlov, Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in Slavonic Tradition (Moscow: Institute of St. Thomas, 2020), [in Russian], ISBN 978-5-6042300-8-4.
The volume is in Russian, but its bibliography and rubrics are in English.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Tuesday, June 16, 2020

Review of Religious Studies and Rabbinics (ed. Shanks Alexander and Berkowitz)

ANCIENT JEW REVIEW: Religious Studies and Rabbinics (Mika Ahuvia).
Elizabeth Shanks Alexander and Beth A. Berkowitz.
Religious Studies and Rabbinics: A Conversation. Routledge, 2018.

... The volume makes the benefits of rabbinics for religious studies evident: rabbinics undermines the Protestant Christian-oriented category of religion, destabilizes universal ideals by upholding the value of the particular and local, and finally offers reading practices that are productive beyond the rabbinic corpora. ...

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Zohar Siyyum

ZOHAR WATCH: Judy Barrett e-mails:
On Monday, June 22 a 5 ½ year project of reading the Pritzker translation of the Zohar will complete its first cycle. A Siyyum will be held via Zoom on Sunday June 21 at 3-4pm ET. All are welcome. Speakers will be: Judy Barrett, Joel Hecker, Arthur Green, Elie Spitz and Daniel Matt.

Topic: Zohar Siyyum
Time: Jun 21, 2020 03:00 PM Eastern Time (US and Canada)

Join Zoom Meeting
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89955335765

Meeting ID: 899 5533 5765
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Find your local number: https://us02web.zoom.us/u/kcrTCqpf5l
Past posts on the Daf Yomi Zohar study group are here and here.

For many other posts on the Zohar, start here and follow the links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Reviews of Edmonds, Drawing Down the Moon

BRYN MAYR CLASSICAL REVIEW has published two reviews of this book:

Drawing down the moon: magic in the ancient Greco-Roman world
Radcliffe G. Edmonds III, Drawing down the moon: magic in the ancient Greco-Roman world. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019. xiii, 474 p. ISBN 9780691156934 $45.00.

Review by
Jack Lennon, School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester. jjpl1@le.ac.uk
In Drawing Down the Moon, Edmonds has produced an extensive, engaging and, crucially, accessible overview which is likely to establish itself quickly as essential reading for anyone seeking to learn more about the vast array of topics that fall under the sweeping category of magic.
Drawing down the moon: magic in the ancient Greco-Roman world
Radcliffe G. Edmonds III, Drawing down the moon: magic in the ancient Greco-Roman world. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019. xiii, 474 p. ISBN 9780691156934 $45.00.

Review by
Thomas Galoppin, (MAP - 741182)—PLH-ERASME (EA 4601)—Université Toulouse 2 Jean Jaurès. thomas.galoppin@univ-tlse2.fr
Drawing Down the Moon can be recommended as an updated gateway into ancient “magic” for English-speaking academic and public readers.
Cross-file under New Book.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Remote Temple Mount sifting

THE TEMPLE MOUNT SIFTING PROJECT BLOG: JOIN THE REMOTE SIFTING!
“Remote Sifting” is a unique, first-time-ever archaeological experience, which enables people all over the world to remotely participate in the sifting of the soil of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem – via a live online video interaction with the archaeologist on-site.
For many, many past posts on the Temple Mount Sifting Project, see here and links and here.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Monday, June 15, 2020

Names in Jeremiah and the inscriptions

NORTHWEST SEMITIC EPIGRAPHY: Comparing biblical names, epigraphs back Book of Jeremiah’s historicity. Golub examined collected names from excavated artifacts published in journals, corpora and books to gather as many names as possible (Rossella Tercatin, Jerusalem Post).
However, one important difference that Golub found out is that within the Yahwistic names mentioned in Jeremiah, the groups of letter yod-hei-vav and just yod-vav seem to be used interchangeably (53% v. 42%) while almost all the epigraphic artifacts present yod-hei-vav.

As the first combination of letters was more commonly used in the ancient kingdom of Judah while the latter in the ancient kingdom of Israel, the archaeologist explained that this element might simply be a sign that the author did not perceive the difference as important, but also that the book was actually compiled in a later period, when the use of yod-vav had become more common.
Scribes tend to update the spelling of words when copying an old book. The spelling of the names in the Book of Jeremiah is pretty much what I would expect even if the book was mostly compiled in Jeremiah's time. The profile of the names fits the time of Jeremiah, but their spelling is a mixture of early and late forms.

For more on Dr. Mitka R. Golub's recent work on the onomastic history of biblical and epigraphic names, see here. You can also read some of her articles at her Academia.edu page here. Her technical article on the names in Jeremiah is there. It nuances the argument more than in the Jerusalem Post article.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Pandemic paralyzes Petra

NABATEAN (NABATAEAN) WATCH: Ancient Petra a ghost town as pandemic hits Jordan tourism (KAMAL TAHA, AFP).

As is generally true at tourism sites, the situation is dire for the local economy.

Some past posts on the ancient Nabatean capital Petra are here, here, here, here, and links.

For many past posts on the Nabateans and their written language (Aramaic used by native speakers of Arabic), see here and here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

An appreciation of Harold Attridge

BRICE C. JONES: Harold Attridge Retires from Yale: A Personal Reflection.
This course was difficult. Prof. Collins was right on the mark when she told me that. We read difficult passages from Philo, Josephus, wisdom literature, poetry, and so on. The syllabus indicated that we should read about "6-8 hours" of Greek each day in preparation for the weekly seminar. When we were in the seminar, each student took a turn reading passages in sequence from the selected text. In our second seminar on September 10, we read three chapters from 2 Maccabees. (For those who don't know, that's a lot of Greek!)
Best wishes to Professor Attridge for a long and productive retirement.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Daf Yomi: 100 days into Tractate Shabbat

TALMUD WATCH: Daf Yomi Shabbos 100: One-hundred days of living through the Talmud (Times of Israel Blogs). Reflections from Penny Cagan one hundred days into Tractate Shabbat in the new Daf Yomi cycle and a few more since the New York coronavirus lockdown began.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Sunday, June 14, 2020

On the synagogues of Israel

THE AWOL BLOG: Synagogues Interactive Map. This is one page on the Bornblum Eretz Israel Synagogues Website.
About The Project

The main goal of this website is to display the world of synagogues from the Land of Israel for the scholar, student and layperson. This website provides information such as bibliographical references, geographical location, photos, plans and brief descriptions of ancient synagogues from the Roman and Byzantine periods in the Land of Israel. It also presents information on selected historically significant synagogues from the Middle Ages through the beginning of the 20th century. This site will be constantly updated including the latest relevant research news and scholarly works. A search of bibliographical references is currently in preparation.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Simantov

JUST FOR FUN: SIMANTOV REVIEW: LESSONS IN MYSTICISM. Here’s our review of Asaf Ashery’s supernatural thriller, Simantov (Becky Lea, ScifiNow). A missing persons case involving ritual and mysticism, the Nephilim, and "Lilith's Daughters." Originally published in Hebrew.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Review of Johnson, Constructing Paul

THE JESUS CREED BLOG: The Apostle Paul in Context: Jewish, Scriptural, Greco-Roman. Paul's multi-layered context. Scot McKnight reviews Luke Timothy Johnson, Constructing Paul (The Canonical Paul, vol. 1) (Eerdmans, 2020).

Cross-file under New Book.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Rösel (ed.), Tradition and Innovation: English and German Studies on the Septuagint

NEW BOOK FROM SBL PRESS:
Tradition and Innovation: English and German Studies on the Septuagint

Martin Rösel

ISBN 9781628372205
Status Available
Price: $52.00
Binding Paperback
Publication Date October 2018
Pages 392

Explore the opportunities and challenges of Septuagint studies

Recent research into the Septuagint has revealed numerous examples of modifications of the meaning of the Hebrew text in the course of its translation into Greek. This collection of essays by one of the leading scholars on the Septuagint shows how complex the translation of individual books was, provides reasons for differences between the Hebrew and Greek Bibles, and paves the way for a theology of the Septuagint. Articles introduce the field of Septuagint studies, the problem of the Letter of Aristeas, and the Hellenistic environment and the hermeneutics of Hellenistic Judaism.

Features:
  • A methodological discussion of whether and how a theology of the Septuagint can be written
  • Essays introducing the field of Septuagint studies and its Hellenistic environment and the hermeneutics of Hellenistic Judaism
  • Fifteen English and German essays covering twenty-five years of Septuagint research

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Saturday, June 13, 2020

"I bore you on vultures' wings?"

BIBLICAL ORNITHOLOGY: Biblically mislabelled, Israel's griffon vultures get new lease of life (Reuters). Reuters also has a photo essay on the griffon vulture here.

The reference alluded to in the article is Exodus 19:4.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Alexander's ancestors

NUMISMATICS: CoinWeek Ancient Coin Series: Macedon Before Alexander (Mike Markowitz).

Alexander the Great comes up now and then on PaleoJudaica. He is connected to ancient Jewish tradition in various ways, including mentions by the Book of Daniel and by Josephus, and in traditions in one recension of the Alexander Romance. One rarely hears of his predecessors, apart from his father, Philip. But Alexander descends from a long Macedonian dynasty. Our Alexander is Alexander III — two previous kings in the dynasty were also named Alexander.

For detailed background on the Macedonian dynasty, along with nice photos of its coins, read this article.

For background on Alexander's connections to ancient Jewish tradition, start here and follow the many links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Why a second Passover?

PROF. STEVEN FRAADE: The Paradox of Pesach Sheni (TheTorah.com).
As a historical commemoration, Passover is tied to a specific date. Nevertheless, the Torah gives a make-up date for bringing the offering a month later. Gerim, non-Israelites living among Israelites as equals, are also allowed to bring this offering, even though it wasn’t their ancestors who were freed. How do we make sense of these anomalies?

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

The mark of the beast and its number

READING ACTS: What is the Mark of the Beast? – Revelation 13:16-18. Phil Long continues his blog series on the Book of Revelation, concentrating on the seven sights of chapters 12-15. We are on the third sight, the beast that rose from the earth and its number.

I promised you more links when we got to this point. The meaning of the number of the beast to John is pretty clear. It applies to Nero. "Nero Caesar," when the Latin is transliterated into Hebrew letters, has the numerical value (gematria) of 666 in one spelling and 616 in another spelling. The manuscripts of the Book of Revelation have two variant values of the number of the beast: 666 and 616.

You can find past posts on the subject here and links. That post leads to a photo of a coin bearing the Latin phrase NERO CAESAR. That spelling in Hebrew letters would add up to 616. The same spelling appears on a gold coin, noted here (alas, no photo).

The other Latin spelling is NERON CAESAR. The Hebrew spelling of this name has the value 666. This spelling of the name in Hebrew letters actually appears on an ostracon from Murabbaat from Nero's time.

I have noted earlier posts in Phil's series on the Book of Revelation here and links. That post has more on the Book of Revelation and the Nero tradition.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Friday, June 12, 2020

Canaanite ancestry of Jews and Arabs?

BIBLE HISTORY DAILY: Jews and Arabs Descended from Canaanites. DNA analysis, from bodies found at several sites, explains more than half of ancestry (Jonathan Laden). This study has been in the news for a while. This essay explains the main issues clearly and concisely.

There have been many DNA studies in recent years. For more on Jewish DNA, see here and links. For more on Canaanite/Phoenician DNA, see here, here, here, and here. For Philistine DNA, see here. For Ethiopian DNA, see here. For the DNA of speakers of Aramaic, see here. And for Druze DNA, see here. For more on the study of human DNA in general, see here and links.

And it's not just human DNA! For the DNA of domesticated cats, see here and links. And, of course, for the DNA analysis of manuscripts, see here, here, here, and links.

For still more posts on various aspects of DNA analysis, run "DNA" through the PaleoJudaica search engine.

As usual, I make no claims about the accuracy or comprehensiveness of any of these studies or their coverage by the media. I blog, you decide.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Klaus Berger, 1940-2020

SAD NEWS: Reports have been coming in that Professor Klaus Berger, New Testament scholar at Heidelberg University, passed away on 8 June 2020. In addition to his many contributions to New Testament studies, he also published extensively on the Dead Sea Scrolls.

I cannot find any English notices of his death, but there are two German articles in the Die Tagespost:

Klaus Berger gestorben. Der Heidelberger Neutestamentler Klaus Berger ist gestern plötzlich gestorben

Klaus Berger: Gelebte Ganzhingabe. Zum Tod des deutschen Exegeten (Barbara Stühlmeyer)

His brief English Wikipedia page is here. The German Wikipedia page (here) is much fuller. I was mostly familiar with his work on the Aramaic Qumran texts in Die aramäischen Texte vom Toten Meer (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1984, 1994).

Requiescat in pace.

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Kleczar, Ha-Makdoni, Images of Alexander the Great ...

NEW BOOK FROM ARCHEOBOOKS:
Ha-Makdoni, Images of Alexander the Great in Ancient and Medieval Jewish Literature

25,00 $
ISBN: 978-83-65080-98-1
Description: softcover, 184 pages (24x17)
Condition: new
Weight: 295g.

Aleksandra Kleczar, Ha-Makdoni, Images of Alexander the Great in Ancient and Medieval Jewish Literature, Krakow 2019

Alexander the Great is an unexpected yet important hero of a number of ancient and medieval Jewish narratives. He appears in historical works, prophecies, moralizing parables and in a number of fantastic stories retelling his life and deeds. These legends were in circulation very early on: the earliest written accounts on Alexander in Jewish tradition are older than the ones preserved from the Greco-Roman world.
This book is devoted to the analysis of the image of Alexander in Jewish literature. By tracing his image as an exemplary foreign king, a leader chosen by God, an object of moral critique and a traveller in far, imagined lands we can shed some light on a number of interesting features of Jewish-Graeco-Roman cultural exchange. The book should be of interest for those studying Jewish culture and classical reception as well as scholars dealing with the development of the legendary image of Alexander the Great.
I noted a few recent books on related themes here, here and here. Follow the links from those posts for many other posts on Alexander. And for past posts on the Alexander Romance, one recension of which connects Alexander to Jewish traditions, see here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Revelation as anti-imperial counter-propaganda?

READING ACTS: Who is the Lord of Earth and Sea? – Revelation 13. Phil Long continues his blog series on the Book of Revelation, concentrating on the seven sights of chapters 12-15.

This post involves the second and the third sights, the beasts rising from the sea and from the earth. It includes discussion of a Roman imperial propaganda inscription from Pergamum.

I have noted earlier posts in Phil's series on the Book of Revelation here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Thursday, June 11, 2020

Online conference on provenance of the DSS

UNIVERSITY OF AGDER, NORWAY: THE LYING PEN OF SCRIBES: On the Origin of the Pieces: The Provenance of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Virtual Conference 15th–16th of June, 2020. This event is free to join and open to the public. Follow the link for the conference programme and registration information.

HT Joseph Lauer.

For more on Professor Justnes and the Lying Pen of Scribes Project, see here, here, here, and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

In memory of Francis I. Andersen

OBITUARY: Died: Francis I. Andersen, Scholar Who Used Computers to Study the Bible. He found ‘awesome reality of a living God’ in the grammar and syntax of Hebrew Scripture (DANIEL SILLIMAN, Christianity Today).

Background here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Did prophecy require celibacy?

PROF. RABBI MARTY LOCKSHIN: Did Moses Become Celibate? (TheTorah.com).
The Israelite men are commanded to separate from their wives before the revelation at Sinai. The rabbis learn from this that Moses permanently separated from his wife (Num 12), to be available to speak with God at all times. Joseph ibn Kaspi (14th c.), however, claims that this distorts the plain meaning of the text and that celibacy is an affront to Jewish values.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

A Behemoth of a Beast

READING ACTS: The Beast out of the Earth – Revelation 13:11-15. Phil Long continues his blog series on the Book of Revelation, concentrating on the seven sights of chapters 12-15. We move to the third sight, the beast rising from the earth.

Some past PaleoJudaica posts involving Leviathan and Behemoth are here, here, here, and here.

I have noted earlier posts in Phil's series on the Book of Revelation here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Wednesday, June 10, 2020

What's in a (biblical) name?

ONOMASTIC HISTORY: Names Reveal What’s History and What’s Myth in the Bible, Researcher Says. Study of naming traditions shows First Temple-period biblical authors knew a lot about what was going on in Judah, but were less informed on the neighboring kingdom of Israel (David Israel, Haaretz premium). HT Joseph Lauer.

The Biblical Archaeology Review article mentioned in the above is in the current (Spring 2020) issue: What’s in a Name? Personal Names in Ancient Israel and Judah (Mitka R. Golub). It is behind the subscription wall.

For Lawrence Mykytiuk's work on 53 people in the Hebrew Bible who also appear in ancient inscriptions, see here and links.

Cross-file under Northwest Semitic Epigraphy.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

EMET Prize for Dimant and Greenstein

KUDOS: 2020 EMET Prize winners announced. The EMET Prize is known as Israel's Nobel Prize, awarded for excellence which make significant contributions to Israeli society (Alan Rosenbaum, Jerusalem Post).
In the Humanities, the winners are Prof. Devorah Diment [sic - should be Dimant] of the University of Haifa and Prof. Eliezer (Ed) Greenstein of Bar-Ilan University, in the area of Biblical research.
Congratulations to Professor Dimant and Professor Greenstein (and to all the recipients in all fields)!

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Pottery production in Roman-era Jerusalem

MATERIAL CULTURE: Ancient pottery reveals secrets of Roman rule over Jerusalem – new study. Before the Temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE, the potters operating the workshops were Jewish (Rossella Tercatin, Jerusalem Post).

This article is based on an article published in the current issue (383, May 2020) of the Bulletin of ASOR: Pp. 33-59: “On the Raw Materials in the Ceramic Workshops of Jerusalem, Before and After 70 c.e.,” by Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Danit Levi, and Ron Beʾeri
A large area of pottery workshops was exposed west of the Old City of Jerusalem. This industrial area was operated by Jewish potters during the Hellenistic (Hasmonean) and Early Roman periods. After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 c.e., the workshops were placed under the authority of the Xth Legion of the Roman military, who later established another workshop in close proximity to the previous ones. In this study, we examine whether and to what extent those historical and cultural changes are reflected in the production organization, manufacturing processes, and products. The research is based on new petrographic results of 129 ceramic products that were manufactured throughout the chronological sequence of this industrial area. The petrographic results indicate a significant change after 70 c.e. New pottery types (e.g., dolia, mortaria) and building materials (roof tiles, bricks, and tubuli) were produced in association with a new “recipe” and a different geological unit. This change in recipe included the intentional addition of quartz grains to the paste, in order to significantly increase the toughness of the products. We also discuss the reason for exploiting a different geological unit. This study may help in attributing vessels and building materials from other sites in the area to these workshops and provide insights into the nature of the workshops’ activity.
The BASOR article is behind a subscription wall.

Cross-file under Petrography.

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Orion Center Research Scholarships 2020/2021

THERE'S STILL TIME TO APPLY: Orion Center Research Scholarships 2020/2021
The Orion Center invites applications for its research scholarships. The scholarships are for research on the Dead Sea Scrolls and associated literature in all relevant disciplines. We particularly encourage integrative studies involving the Scrolls and other aspects of Second Temple studies. Preference will be given to junior scholars (M.A. students in the process of writing the thesis, Ph.D. students, and postdoctoral students).
Research connected with the scholarship must be carried out in Israel. Scholarship recipients will be associated with the Orion Center and participate in Center programs; they will present their research in an Orion Center research seminar. The amount of the grant will be up to $4000.

Deadline: June 15, 2020
Follow the link for application requirements. Don't dawdle!

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Tuesday, June 09, 2020

More on the Jezreel Winery

FURTHER TO YESTERDAY'S POST ON THE JEZREEL WINERY, Dr. Norma Franklin has kindly sent me offprints of several articles on the winery excavation. One of them is online for free:

The Story of Naboth’s Vineyard and the Ancient Winery in Jezreel (Dr. Norma Franklin, TheTorah.com)
What light can archaeology shed on the significance and location of the vineyard?
You can also read this one in Biblical Archaeology Review for free, but you need a paid subscription to see the full version with images:
Have We Found Naboth’s Vineyard at Jezreel? Norma Franklin, Jennie Ebeling, Philippe Guillaume, and Deborah Appler November 01, 2017
If you have access to JSTOR, you can also read this one:
An Ancient Winery at Jezreel, Israel

Norma Franklin, Jennie Ebeling, Philippe Guillaume and Deborah Appler
Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies
Vol. 8, No. 1 (2020), pp. 58-78
I am grateful to Dr. Franklin for the references.

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Using the Digital Syriac Corpus

ANCIENT JEW REVIEW: Using the Digital Syriac Corpus for Online Syriac Instruction (James Walters).

I have posted on the Digital Syriac Corpus here and here. This essay is a useful introduction to it.

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Mapping a Roman city with GPR

TECHNOLOGY WATCH: Archaeologists map complete Roman city without lifting a shovel (Brooks Hays, UPI). The name of the city is Falerii Novi. It is a little north of Rome.

For a similar story from a couple of days ago, see here. As with the magnetometry in that one, this GPR technology has wide applications for future archaeology.

Indeed, as I have said before, non-invasive and non-destructive technologies are the future of archaeology. This post in particular is aging well.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

An anniversary for the Beast?

READING ACTS: The Beast Who Lived – Revelation 13:3-4. Phil Long continues his blog series on the Book of Revelation, concentrating on the seven sights of chapters 12-15. We are still on the second sight, the beast rising from the sea.

For a couple of past PaleoJudaica posts on the Nero rediturus ("Nero will return") myth and the Nero redivivus ("Nero will come back to life") myth, see here and here (links to one of Phil's posts). I will give you some more links when Phil gets to the end of chapter 13.

Meanwhile, by a remarkable cosmic synchronicity, today is the 1952nd anniversary of Nero's death.

I have noted earlier posts in Phil's series on the Book of Revelation here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Monday, June 08, 2020

Have they found Naboth's vineyard?

ARCHAEOLOGY: Archaeologists might have identified Jezreel winery featured in Bible. The winery was first discovered in 2013 and exposed in several seasons of excavations in the following years. It presents several installations carved into the bedrock (Rosella Tercarin, Jerusalem Post).
It is currently impossible to date with certainty the remains of the ancient winery that was uncovered not far from Jezreel, a settlement that has been continuously inhabited for thousands of years, the lead author of the study, Dr. Norma Franklin of the Zinman Institute of Archaeology at the University of Haifa, told The Jerusalem Post. However, different factors support the idea that whether or not there was a man called Naboth, whoever authored the story must have been aware of the existence of that winery, the only one in the compatible area, she said.
I haven't specifically mentioned this discovery, although I noted a 2015 report on the Jezreel Expedition which does mention it.

I am generally skeptical about attempts to tie archaeology to specific stories in the Bible. But the excavators know more about the Jezreel winery than I do. I defer to their opinion.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

A soothing odor?

CANDIDA MOSS: Was God a Stoner? Excavations at a 2,700-year-old temple in the Negev desert have uncovered a residue familiar to many a pothead (The Daily Beast). I had assumed that it was the worshippers who were getting high. That still seems right. But Professor Moss makes the case that the rite assumed that God participated too.

Background here.

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Orlov (ed.), Jewish Roots of Eastern Christian Mysticism

NEW BOOK FROM BRILL:
Jewish Roots of Eastern Christian Mysticism

Studies in Honor of Alexander Golitzin


Series:
Vigiliae Christianae, Supplements, Volume: 160

Editor: Andrei A. Orlov

The essays collected in Jewish Roots of Eastern Christian Mysticism intend to honor Alexander Golitzin, a scholar known for his keen attention to the Jewish matrix of Eastern Orthodox spirituality. Following Golitzin's insights, this Festschrift explores influences of Jewish apocalypticism and mysticism on certain early and late Christian authors, including Irenaeus, Origen, Evagrius of Pontus, Pseudo-Dionysius, and Symeon the New Theologian. Special attention is given to Jewish theophanic traditions regarding the beatific vision of the divine Glory (Kavod), which profoundly shaped Eastern Christian theology and liturgy. This volume demonstrates that recent developments in the study of apocalyptic literature, the Qumran Scrolls, Gnosticism, and later Jewish mysticism throw new and welcome light on the sources and continuities of Orthodox theology, liturgy, and spirituality.

Prices from (excl. VAT): €138.00 / $166.00

E-Book (PDF)
Availability: Not Yet Published
ISBN: 978-90-04-42953-6
Publication Date: 21 May 2020

Hardback
Availability: Published
ISBN: 978-90-04-42952-9
Publication Date: 23 May 2020

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Ancient controversy over the suspected adulteress

PROF. ISHAY ROSEN-ZVI: Shaming Women Suspected of Adultery - What About Men? (TheTorah.com).
The Mishnah adds further humiliation to the biblical sotah ritual for a suspected adulteress. Other rabbinic texts from the same period critique this expansion, as well as the gender inequality inherent in the ritual itself.
Past PaleoJudaica posts on the Sotah (Sota) rite are here, here, here, here, here (was the rite actually discontinued?), and here.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Sunday, June 07, 2020

McGrath on Gnostic origins

RELIGION PROF: Gnostic Origins and Pre-Exilic Israelite Traditions. James McGrath shares the abstract for his paper, "Deity, Devil, Demiurge: The Shared Origins of Monotheism, the Problem of Evil, and ‘Gnosticism," which is to be presented in the upcoming remote-delivery Enoch Seminar on the problem of evil in Second Temple Judaism.

James also shares the latest program for the Seminar. You will find my name there too.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Lockdown at a Roman fort

CONSERVATION: Vindolanda Fort: Roman site becomes family's lockdown home. A family spending lockdown living in a Roman Fort have described it as a "surreal experience" (BBC).
As the UK went into lockdown Sonya and Colin Galloway, who both work for the trust that runs Vindolanda Fort, left their home in Hexham to live there.
The couple thought they and their sons Oliver, 15, and Luke, 13, would only be there for three or four weeks.
But they have remained for 11 weeks, sweeping bathhouses and protecting artefacts from wind and badger damage.

[...]
I visited Vindolanda a couple of years ago, and also back in 2006. For PaleoJudaica posts, see here and here and links.

Vindolanda Fort flourished in the late first and early second centuries C.E. and continued into the fourth century. It is best known for the vast archive of Latin documentary tablets found there, sometimes known as the Dead Sea Scrolls of Britain. For details, and for other stories that connect Vindolanda and Hadrian's Wall to ancient Judaism and the Bible in various indirect ways, see the links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Magnetic tracing of the wall of Uruk

TECHNOLOGY WATCH: Beneath the Euphrates Sediments: Magnetic Traces of the Mesopotamian Megacity Uruk-Warka (Jörg W.E. Fassbinder, The Ancient Near East Today).

This fascinating project was undertaken at Warka, the site of ancient Uruk, the city of Gilgamesh. In the prologue and epilogue of the Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh points to the wall of Uruk as his enduring achievement. It's still there!

The technology of the project has the potential for wide application to archaeology.

UPDATE: Pardon the bad link. Now fixed!

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The dragon, the horns, and the heads

READING ACTS: A Dragon with Ten Horns and Seven Heads – Revelation 13:1-2. Phil Long continues his blog series on the Book of Revelation, concentrating on the seven sights of chapters 12-15. We are now on the second sight, the beast rising from the sea.

I have noted earlier posts in Phil's series on the Book of Revelation here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Saturday, June 06, 2020

Review of Crawford, Scribes and Scrolls at Qumran

READING ACTS: Book Review: Sidnie White Crawford, Scribes and Scrolls at Qumran (Phil Long).
Crawford, Sidnie White. Scribes and Scrolls at Qumran. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2019. 406 pp. + 8 pp of figures. Hb; $50. Link to Eerdmans

Sidnie White Crawford’s new book on the Dead Sea Scrolls and their relationship to both Qumran and the Essenes is a clear presentation of what might be considered the current consensus view on these issues. She does not engage in any fanciful new theory to completely overturn previous scholarship. On the contrary, she present a reasonable thesis based on evidence draw from both the archaeology of Qumran and the contents of the Dead Sea Scrolls. ...

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Interview with Casey Elledge

GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS COLLEGE: S.1 E.3 From Preacher’s Nephew to Religion Prof. Learning for Life @ Gustavus host Greg Kaster interviews religion professor Casey Elledge.

I noted his recent book, Resurrection of the Dead in Early Judaism here and here.

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Psalm 117

DUELING NARRATIVES: “Praise YHWH All You Nations”: Psalm 117 (Prof. Mark Zvi Brettler, TheTorah.com).
Short does not mean simple: Psalm 117 is one of the more difficult psalms. It is only two verses long and exhorts non-Israelites to praise YHWH. Why would such a psalm be written? A look at the worldview of the exilic prophet Deutero-Isaiah provides one answer, while reading this psalm together with the beginning of Psalm 118 provides another.

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Myriads of free books from De Gruyter - with a catch

FOR YOUR INSTITUTION, SPECIAL DEAL: Temp. free access to 75000 ebooks from De Gruyter (the AWOL Blog). See more details at the German De Gruyter page here.

The catch is that the offer only applied to institutions. But if you have access to the online holdings of a research library, this may be of interest. It lasts until 30 June 2020.

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Friday, June 05, 2020

The Tomb of Nahum still needs repairs

RENOVATIONS? New report urges 'urgent' action to preserve remaining Jewish sites in Syria and Iraq. The Jewish Cultural Heritage Initiative identified four 'priority' sites where preservation work was considered viable (The Jewish Chronicle).
The four sites identified were the Meir Tweig Synagogue and the Al-Habibiyah Jewish Cemetery, both of which are in Baghdad; the Sasson Synagogue in Mosul; and the 12th century Shrine of the Prophet Nahum in the northern Iraqi town of Al-Qosh.
This out of 368 that the JCHI assessed. It judged that 27 needed immediate attention.

Background on the (traditional) Tomb of Nahum is here and links. Last I heard, it was undergoing urgent repairs.

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Ancient Moab

THE BIBLE AND INTERPRETATION:
Ancient Moab: from the Ninth to First Centuries BCE

A number of groups constituted ancient Moab. They were most likely descendants, at least in part, of the Shûtu/Sutu and/or Shasu. The former appear in the Amarna Letters, dated to the 14th century BCE, as “lawless” and “plotting rebellion.”

See Also: History of Ancient Moab from the Ninth to First Centuries BCE (SBL Press, 2020).

By Burton MacDonald
Professor Emeritus
Department of Religious Studies
St. Francis Xavier University
June 2020
For more on the on the Mesha Inscription (Mesha Stele, Moabite Stone), see here and links. For more on ancient Moab, see here.

Cross-file under New Book.

UPDATE: This book has been withdrawn by SBL Press.

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Hornkohl & Khan (eds.), Studies in Semitic Vocalisation and Reading Traditions

THE AWOL BLOG: Studies in Semitic Vocalisation and Reading Traditions. This new book, edited by Aaron Hornkohl and Geoffrey Khan and published by Open Book Publishers, "brings together papers relating to the pronunciation of Semitic languages and the representation of their pronunciation in written form." It includes essays on Biblical Hebrew, Punic, Biblical Aramaic, Syriac, Arabic, and post-biblical Hebrew. You can download the PDF version for free. For you, special deal!

Cross-file under New Book.

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The beast from the sea

READING ACTS: Background for the Beast of the Sea – Revelation 13:1-2. Phil Long continues his blog series on the Book of Revelation, concentrating on the seven sights of chapters 12-15. We have now moved to the second sight, the beast rising from the sea.

Some past PaleoJudaica posts on the beasts in Daniel 7 are here, here, and here.

I have noted earlier posts in Phil's series on the Book of Revelation here and links.

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Thursday, June 04, 2020

More Aramaic in Saudi Arabia

EXHIBITION: Saudi Arabia’s masterpieces of antiquities down the ages. Gulf News offers a glimpse into the Arabian Peninsula’s fascinating past (Samir Salama, Gulf News).
‘Roads of Arabia: Archaeological Treasures of Saudi Arabia’: Organised by the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH), it is one of the most important Saudi exhibits. It portrays the cultural depth and traditions of the kingdom in the most famous international museums — most notably in European and Asian capitals, and in American cities. The exhibition, through its 14 international channels and two local channels in Riyadh and in the King Abdul Aziz Centre for World Culture in Dhahran, constitutes an important and exceptional opportunity to introduce the kingdom’s culture as well as that of the Arabian Peninsula to five million visitors.
You can access the exhibition's website here.

The Gulf News article highlights a number of artifacts, including one bearing an Aramaic inscription:
Also among the famous Saudi artefacts is the ‘Monument with the Eyes’, a memorial “tombstone” inscribed with a human face dating back to the 5th century BC, found in Tayma. A memorial in the Aramaic language is inscribed on the stone: “On the Memory of Taim Ibn Zaid.”

This piece is the only clear evidence of the existence of cultural contacts between Tayma, the northwest and south of the Arabian Peninsula and the south.
The article does not include a photo of the object, but you can see one on the exhibition website. Unfortunately, I can't link to it. But click on the "Tayma, Al-‘Ula & Qaryat Al-Faw" circle and then scroll down to the sixth object on the far left, with the title "gravestone with abstract face,and Aramic [sic] inscription, Tayma, 5th–4th century BC Tayma_Al_Ula_Qaryat_al_Faw."

The website has photos of a vast number of artifacts, including more inscriptions in Aramaic, Nabatean, North Arabian, Greek, Latin, cuneiform, and Arabic.

For more on Tayma (Teima) and its ancient connection with Aramaic Fantasy Babylon and the Daniel tradition, see here and here. For additional inscriptions from Tayma, see here, here, and here.

For yet more PaleoJudaica posts on Aramaic, Nabatean (Nabataean) and old Arabian inscriptions in Saudi Arabia and ancient Arabia more generally, see here and links.

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

The date of Wilson's Arch

TEMPLE MOUNT WATCH: Pinpointing the origins of Jerusalem's Temple Mount. The headline of this press release is over-ambitious. The research was about pinpointing the date of architecture associated with Wilson's Arch. The Temple Mount itself had architecture on it long before this.
Integrating radiocarbon dating and microarchaeology techniques has enabled more precise dating of the ancient Wilson's Arch monument at Jerusalem's Temple Mount, according to a study published June 3, 2020 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Johanna Regev from the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, and colleagues.

[...]

In this study, Regev and colleagues focused on pinpointing the specific construction dates for Wilson's Arch, an arch of "The Great Causeway", an ancient bridge linking Jerusalem's Temple Mount to the houses of Jerusalem's upper city, and which was excavated in 2015-2019 as part of a tourist development project. Wilson's Arch has been the subject of much scholarly debate, with construction dates suggested from the time of Herod the Great, Roman colonization, or even the early Islamic period in Jerusalem (a span of about 700 years).

To better understand the specific timing of Wilson's Arch (and the historical context in which it was constructed), Regev and colleagues used an integrative approach in the field during its excavation, conducting radiocarbon dating of 33 construction material samples directly at the site (generally charred organic matter, like seeds or sticks, present in mortar), as well as stratigraphic and microarchaeological analyses.

The authors were able to narrow the dates of construction for the initial Great Causeway bridge structure as having occurred between 20 BC and 20 AD, during the reign of Herod the Great or directly after his death. They also discovered a second stage of construction: between 30 AD and 60 AD, the bridge doubled in size as Wilson's Arch in its current form was finalized (during this period of direct Roman rule, there's evidence the Romans began or expanded on many building projects around Jerusalem, including an aqueduct supplying the Temple Mount with water).

[...]
You can read the full, open access, Plos One article at : Radiocarbon dating and microarchaeology untangle the history of Jerusalem's Temple Mount: A view from Wilson's Arch (Regev J, Uziel J, Lieberman T, Solomon A, Gadot Y, Ben-Ami D, et al.).
Abstract

Radiocarbon dating is rarely applied in Classical and Post-Classical periods in the Eastern Mediterranean, as it is not considered precise enough to solve specific chronological questions, often causing the attribution of historic monuments to be based on circumstantial evidence. This research, applied in Jerusalem, presents a novel approach to solve this problem. Integrating fieldwork, stratigraphy, and microarchaeology analyses with intense radiocarbon dating of charred remains in building materials beneath Wilson's Arch, we absolutely dated monumental structures to very narrow windows of time–even to specific rulers. Wilson’s Arch was initiated by Herod the Great and enlarged during the Roman Procurators, such as Pontius Pilatus, in a range of 70 years, rather than 700 years, as previously discussed by scholars. The theater-like structure is dated to the days of Emperor Hadrian and left unfinished before 132–136 AD. Through this approach, it is possible to solve archaeological riddles in intensely urban environments in the historical periods.
For the discovery of the "theatre-like structure" in 2017, see here and here.

The Daily Mail has coverage of the story with some good photos: Ancient stone arch forming part of Jerusalem's 'great causeway bridge' to bring worshippers onto Temple Mount was built between 20 BC and 20 AD during the reign of King Herod, radiocarbon dating reveals (Luke Andrews).

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Syfox, Rewriting and (Re)negotiating Gender

ANCIENT JEW REVIEW: Rewriting and (Re)negotiating Gender: A Study of the Depictions of the Matriachs in the Book of Jubilees (Chontel Syfox).
Chontel Syfox. Rewriting and (Re) Negotiating Gender: A Study of the Depictions of the Matriarchs in the Book of Jubilees in Relation to Depictions of Heroines in the Greek Novel and Jewish Novella.
Ph.D. diss., University of Notre Dame, 2019.

It has long been noted that women feature more prominently in the Book of Jubilees, than in the Book of Genesis. My dissertation seeks to identify the motives and priorities that guided the author of Jubilees in his rewriting of the biblical stories concerning the matriarchs and asks if Jubilees was unique in its foregrounding of female characters or dealt with them in a manner that was typical of the then literary Zeitgeist. ...
Dr. Syfox completed her undergraduate degree at the Divinity School of the University of St. Andrews some years ago. I am delighted to see how much she has accomplished since then. Well done, Chontel!

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White, The Prophets Agree

NEW BOOK FROM BRILL:
The Prophets Agree

The Function of the Book of the Twelve Prophets in Acts


Series: Biblical Interpretation Series, Volume: 184
Author: Aaron W. White

The way Luke uses and interprets Scripture continues to captivate many. In his new work, The Prophets Agree, a title inspired by James’ words at the Jerusalem Council, Aaron W. White turns over one rock that has remained untouched. Interpretation of the four quotations of the Minor Prophets in Acts frequently isolates each citation from the other. However, this full-length study of the place of the Minor Prophets in Acts asks what difference it makes to regard these four quotations as a singular contribution to Acts from a unified source.
By an in-depth study of each quotation, an innovative method of intertextuality, and an eye to the overall agenda of Acts, White proves the importance of reading the Twelve Prophets in unity when it is quoted in Acts, and the integral role it plays in the redemptive-historical plotline of Acts.

Prices from (excl. VAT): €99.00 / $119.00

E-Book (PDF)
Availability: Published
ISBN: 978-90-04-42798-3
Publication Date: 06 May 2020

Hardback
Availability: Not Yet Published
ISBN: 978-90-04-42627-6
Publication Date: 18 Jun 2020

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Wednesday, June 03, 2020

Fingerprinting DSS DNA

TECHNOLOGY WATCH: Ancient DNA extracted from Dead Sea Scrolls parchments allows rare glimpse into world of Second Temple Judaism. The researchers developed sophisticated methods to deduce information from tiny amounts of ancient DNA, used different controls to validate the findings, and carefully filtered out potential contaminations (IAA press release, courtesy of the Israel Ministry for Foreign Affairs).

PaleoJudaica has long been interested in DNA analysis of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Back in 2009, I collected links to a number of relevant posts. And in 2006 I was noting mention of early research aimed at sorting fragments into scrolls based on their DNA. It looks as though specialists have made quite a lot of progress since then.

The press release mentions a few specific cases. Two fragments of the Book of Jeremiah now definitely form a separate manuscript, made of cow hide rather than the more common sheep hide. This confirms that the Qumran library included variant copies of scriptural (and other) books that had somewhat different texts.

The manuscript of the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice found at Masada is made from the hide of a sheep whose DNA is distinct from the from the sheep who hides were normally used for the Qumran scrolls. Arguably, then, it originated from a different group. But I would like to see some more details before I am convinced that we can interpret the evidence that precisely.

Likewise, the DNA of a fragment of Isaiah had a different profile from the other Qumran manuscripts. It is possible that indicates that it came from somewhere other than the Qumran caves.

These are intriguing findings, but they are still very preliminary, based on testing of a small sample of fragments. As the researchers profile more scrolls, we will learn more with more confidence.

The full, very technical, article is published in Cell: Illuminating Genetic Mysteries of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Follow the link for the full list of authors.

An article in the Smithsonian opens with a human interest account of how the idea for the research originated in a chance encounter on a bus: Ancient DNA Yields New Clues to Dead Sea Scrolls. A sensitive genetic fingerprinting technique could help scholars learn more from thousands of fragile parchment fragments (Josie Glausiusz).

Visit PaleoJudaica daily for the latest news on ancient Judaism and the biblical world.

Seven years of TheTorah.com

MILESTONE: Seven Years of Critical Torah Study – Scholars and Rabbis Reflect. Congratulations to TheTorah.com, which is seven years old. The site has been providing very good content, to which PaleoJudaica has often linked.
To mark the occasion of the seventh anniversary of TheTorah.com this Shavuot, we asked academic and rabbinic scholars to share their reflections on our work / the role of critical scholarship for Torah study and the importance of engaging directly with the consequent challenges.
Twenty academics and rabbis post their reflections.

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Toronto's Ge'ez program fundraising nears goal

ETHIOPIC WATCH: Ethiopic Studies Endowment at University of Toronto Nears Goal of Raising $500k (Tadias Magazine). If they reach the targeted amount, the Ge'ez program will be made permanent. They are currently not far off, at $440,000.

For background on the fundraising and the program, see here, here, and here.

Among the Old Testament pseudepigrapha, the Book of 1 Enoch (composed in Aramaic and perhaps Hebrew) and the Book of Jubilees (composed in Hebrew) survive complete only in Ge'ez translations.

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The winged woman and the spewing serpent

READING ACTS: The Dragon Makes War – Revelation 12:13-17. Phil Long continues his blog series on the Book of Revelation, now concentrating on the seven sights of chapters 12-15. We are still on the first sight, the woman with the celestial accoutrements and the dragon that pursues her.

I have noted previous posts in Phil's Book of Revelation series here and links.

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Tuesday, June 02, 2020

Review of Sivan, Jewish Childhood in the Roman World

ANCIENT JEW REVIEW: Book Note | Jewish Childhood in the Roman World (Danny Golde).
Hagith Sivan. Jewish Childhood in the Roman World. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

Hagith Sivan’s Jewish Childhood in the Roman World provides a comprehensive analysis of the rabbinic sources on childhood and features four fictional short stories from the perspectives of Jewish youths living in Rome or in a Roman province. ...

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Tourism plans for the Petra of Saudi Arabia

NABATEAN (NABATAEAN) WATCH: Saudi Arabia's Unesco-listed Al Ula announces reopening plans. Visitors will also have the chance to experience four newly open sites (Melissa Gronlund, The National). There is a nice video.

The Saudi government seems to have ambitious tourism plans for these sites, most of which are pre-Islamic. A decade ago I was concerned about some of what I was hearing about them. But these developments sound positive.

Other PaleoJudaica posts on Hegra (Madain Saleh), "Saudi Arabia's answer to Petra," are here, here, here, and here.

And, more generally, for Nabatean, Aramaic, and old Arabian dialects in Arabia, see here and links.

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Is the MOTB winning over Jewish scholars?

PROGRESS? Museum of the Bible is winning over some of its biggest critics: Jewish scholars (Menachem Wecker, Washington Post, rpt. Houston Chronicle). The article also has quite a lot on the thousand-year-old Washington Pentateuch, recently acquired by the Museum.

Background here and many links. Related posts here and links.

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Biblical Studies Carnival 171

THE LIBRARY MUSINGS: Biblical Studies Carnival 171 (May 2020) (Bobby Howell). And Phil Long has some supplementary comments here.

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Monday, June 01, 2020

They found a partzufa at Sepphoris!

DECORATIVE ARCHITECTURE: Remains of ancient ornamental relic found in Tzipori (Arutz Sheva). I was not familiar with this word. This brief article defines partzufa as an "architectural-ornamental relic ... used in ancient times as a lavish faucet in various water installations."

I don't have access to my office library, but Jastrow's Dictionary (p. 1238) tells me that this is an Greek word (prosopon) that means "face." It appears in Hebrew and (here) Aramaic transcription with the same meaning. It can also mean the front side of an embroidered piece. And it can mean a sculpture of a human face.

I hope the discoverers publish a photo.

For more on the archaeology of Zipori (Sepphoris/Tzipori/Tzippori/Zippori - I keep finding new spellings!), see here and links (cf. here, here, and here).

UPDATE: Ah ha, the Jerusalem Post has a photo: Talmud comes alive in 1,800-year-old marble face found in Galilee. Similar artifacts have been uncovered over the years in several locations in Israel, including Caesarea and Beit Shean (Rossella Tercatin). It is indeed a a marble sculpture of a face with the mouth forming a fountain.

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Discovering the Jewish Jesus

BIBLE HISTORY DAILY: Was Jesus a Jew? Discovering the Jewish Jesus. Introduces an old, but still useful article by Anthony J. Saldarini from Bible Review.

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Ink, writing surfaces, and fakes

VARIANT READINGS: Forgeries, Inks, and Writing Surfaces (Brent Nongbri).

For more on recent scholarly work on ancient ink, see here and links. And for more on the question of the (evidently mostly or entirely fake) post-2002 Dead Sea Scroll-like fragments, see here and links.

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Temple Mount reopens

TEMPLE MOUNT WATCH: Temple Mt. reopens to thousands of Muslims, hundreds of Jews; 8 Muslims arrested. Officers accuse suspects of trying to prevent Jews’ entry; no major incidents after police braced for clashes following months of virus closure and in wake of Palestinian’s killing (Times of Israel).

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Sunday, May 31, 2020

Bishop Lucifer and the text of LXX Kings

NEW BOOK FROM SBL PRESS:
Lucifer of Cagliari and the Text of 1-2 Kings

Tuukka Kauhanen

ISBN 9781628372052
Status Available
Price: $65.00
Binding Paperback
Publication Date July 2018

The most up-to-date study of the text history of 1 and 2 Kings

In this book, Tuukka Kauhanen approaches the challenging case of the textual history of 1 and 2 Kings through citations of the text found within the writings of the fourth-century bishop of Sadinia, Lucifer of Cagliari. Kauhanen presents evidence that Lucifer’s Latin text sheds important light on lost Hebrew and Greek pieces of the textual puzzle in Kings. In doing so, he compares all of Lucifer’s extensive quotations of Kings to extant Greek witnesses as well as Old Latin witnesses where available and subsequently analyzes the probable reasons for textual variations. In each instance he attempts to choose the best possible candidate for the Old Greek reading and where that reading might reflect a now-lost Hebrew text.

Features
  • Use of the most current research into the text of the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint, including the Hebrew Bible: A Critical Edition series and the forthcoming Göttingen Septuagint edition of King
  • An appendix listing readings from the analysis sections arranged according to agreement patterns and other meaningful criteria
  • Charts comparing readings
It's cool that there was a bishop named Lucifer.

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Tiemeyer & Wöhrle (eds.), The Book of the Twelve

NEW BOOK FROM BRILL:
The Book of the Twelve

Composition, Reception, and Interpretation


Series: Vetus Testamentum, Supplements, Volume: 184

Editors: Lena-Sofia Tiemeyer and Jakob Wöhrle

In the last two decades, research on the Book of the Twelve has shown that this corpus is not just a collection of twelve prophetic books. It is rather a coherent work with a common history of formation and, based upon this, with an overall message and intention. The individual books of the Book of the Twelve are thus part of a larger whole in which they can be interpreted in a fruitful manner. The volume The Book of the Twelve: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation features 30 articles, written by renowned scholars, that explore different aspects regarding the formation, interpretation, and reception of the Book of the Twelve as a literary unity.

Prices from (excl. VAT): €132.00 / $159.00

E-Book (PDF)
Availability: Published
ISBN: 978-90-04-42432-6
Publication Date: 28 Apr 2020

Hardback
Availability: Not Yet Published
ISBN: 978-90-04-42324-4
Publication Date: 17 Jun 2020

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